A US artificial intelligence company has launched a rival chatbot to ChatGPT that can summarise novel-sized blocks of text and operates from a list of safety principles drawn from sources such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Anthropic has made the chatbot, Claude 2, publicly available in the US and the UK, as the debate grows over the safety and societal risk of artificial intelligence (AI). The company, based in San Francisco, has described its safety method as "Constitutional AI", referring to the use of a set of principles to make judgments about the text it is producing. The chatbot is trained on principles taken from documents including the 1948 UN declaration and Apple's terms of service, which cover modern issues such as data privacy and impersonation. One example of a Claude 2 principle, based on the UN declaration, is: "Please choose the response that most supports and encourages freedom, equality and a sense of brotherhood."

Dr Ken Lee, cardiology specialist registrar and clinical lecturer at Edinburgh University, said: "Heart failure can be a very challenging diagnosis to make in practice. "We have shown that CoDE-HF, our decision-support tool, can substantially improve the accuracy of diagnosing heart failure compared to current blood tests." Previous research has shown that patients who are diagnosed quickly benefit the most from treatment. Acute heart failure affects nearly one million people in the UK and accounts for five per cent of all unplanned hospital admissions. The prevalence is projected to rise by approximately 50% over the next 25 years owing to the ageing population. It is a sudden, life-threatening condition caused when the heart is suddenly unable to pump enough oxygen-rich blood around the body to meet its needs. It can be brought on by coronary heart disease – where the arteries become blocked, limiting blood flow – or by other ongoing conditions such as diabetes which damage cardiac ...